Background: In 2011, Hebei Province, located in North China with a population of 71794239, accounted for approximately 6% of the national population. It is well known as a heavily air polluted area. This study reports the lung cancer burden and mortality trend in Hebei Province from 1973 to 2011. Methods: Eight cancer registries in Hebei Province submitted data to the Hebei Provincial Cancer Registry Center. Pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, and age group. The proportions, cumulative incidence/mortality rates, and median age at death of lung cancer were calculated. Lung cancer mortality data of 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005 were extracted from national death surveys. Data of lung cancer from Cixian and Shexian were obtained from population-based cancer registries in each county. Results: The estimated numbers of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases and deaths in 2011 in Hebei Province were 32623 and 27612, respectively. The crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 45.44/100000. The age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population was 39.01/100000, ranking second among all cancers. The lung cancer mortality rate was 38.46/100000, ranking first among all cancer deaths, with a significantly increasing trend in Hebei Province from 1973-1975 to 2010-2011, with an increased rate of 189.15%. Conclusion: Hebei Province suffers a heavy disease burden of lung cancer and an obvious increasing trend has been observed over the past 40 years. Preventive and control strategies should be encouraged.