Objective. To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine intervention on serum inflammatory factor concentration and postoperative cognitive malfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia. Methodology. 174 patients with general anesthesia were selected, who were categorized into a control group (HC) and a dexmedetomidine group (HS) using the random number table method, with 87 patients in individual groups. The dexmedetomidine group was pumped intravenously with dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 1 mu g/kg before induction of anesthesia for 15 min, followed by continuous intravenous pumping at a rate of 0.4 mu g/kg/h, and the dosing was stopped at 30 min before concluding the surgery. The control group was administered the identical dose of saline in the same manner. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and MMES scores were tested at 1 h before and 24 h after anesthesia. Results. Comparing to HC group, patients in the HS group had lower TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels at both scheduled points (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Dexmedetomidine reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in elderly patients with general anesthesia and effectively reduced the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia surgery.