Objective: To explore the effect of breast conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods: 118 patients with breast cancer admitted in our hospital from May 2017 to July 2018 were divided into control group and experimental group according to different treatment methods, 59 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional radical mastectomy combined with axillary lymph node dissection, while the experimental group was treated with breast conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The clinical indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, extubation time, total drainage volume) of breast cancer patients in the two groups were observed and recorded. The quality of life scores (social function, role function, health function, physical function, emotional function), prognosis (recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, survival rate) and complications were compared between the two groups after 6 months Limb edema, subcutaneous effusion, skin flap necrosis) and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 before and 6 months after treatment. Results: the operation time, blood loss, extubation time and total drainage volume in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The scores of social function, role function and health function in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P 0.05); there was no significant difference in physical function and emotional function between experimental group and control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate and survival rate between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). The total incidence of complications in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: breast conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy can effectively reduce the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with breast cancer, improve the quality of life of patients, reduce the risk of complications, and promote the recovery of patients. However, it has no significant impact on the prognosis and has high clinical application value.