This study is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, observational cohort study. The primary endpoint is pathological complete response (pCR), and the secondary endpoints include R0 resection rate, ctDNA clearance rate, major pathological response (MPR), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Chinese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who are eligible for surgical resection will receive neoadjuvant therapy with cetuximab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and nedaplatin. Personalized ctDNA monitoring will be conducted at multiple time points, including before neoadjuvant therapy, during therapy, preoperatively, postoperatively, and during adjuvant therapy, to explore the clinical value of minimal residual disease (MRD) as a biomarker for assessing treatment efficacy, predicting recurrence risk, and evaluating prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to enroll 100 Chinese patients with stage II-III (potentially) resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.