Neutropenia is the most common hematological toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and leads to subsequent treatment delays and/or dose reductions. Neutropenia often advances to febrile neutropenia and serious infections, which can affect the prognosis and safety of patients. The reasonable prevention and management of neutropenia is vital for patients with malignancies undergoing CCRT. Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF), a long-acting recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, can prevent and treat neutropenia in more convenient clinical settings. Based on relevant guidelines and the most recent clinical data, the Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists, China Society for Radiation Oncology, and Chinese Association of Radiation Therapy have evaluated the safety and efficacy of PEG-rhG-CSF during CCRT, clearly defined the clinical pathway and route of administration for the prevention and treatment of neutropenia, and formed a Chinese expert consensus on PEG-rhG-CSF application during CCRT, with the goal of promoting the reasonable clinical use of this treatment. Neutropenia is the most common hematological toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). PEG-rhG-CSF can prevent and treat neutropenia with a more convenient clinical use. We have updated the Chinese expert consensus(2020 edition), stratified CCRT regimens according to the risk of FN, evaluated the safety and efficacy of PEG-rhG-CSF during CCRT, and clearly defined the clinical pathway and route of administration in prevention and treatment of neutropenia, with the goal of promoting the reasonable clinical use of this treatment. image