To evaluate the influence of low-concentration contrast agents and low-tube-voltage computed tomography on chest enhancement examinations, we conducted a multicenter prospective study. A total of 216 inpatients enrolled from 12 different hospitals were randomly divided into four groups: A: voltage, 120 kVp; iohexol, 350 mgl/mL; B: voltage, 100 kVp, iohexol, 350 mgl/mL; C: voltage, 120 kVp, iodixanol, 270 mgl/mL; and D: voltage, 100 kVp, iodixanol, 270 mgl/mL. Subjective image quality was assessed by two radiologists and compared by weighted kappa test. The objective image scores, scanning radiation doses, and pathological coincidence rates were analyzed. There were no significant differences in gender, age, height, weight, and body mass index between the four groups (p > 0.05). The consistency of the radiologists' ratings were good, with kappa value ranging from 0.736 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.933) to 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.968), and there was no difference in subjective image score between the four groups. The computed tomography value of group D had no difference with group A. The volume computed tomography dose index, dose length product, and effective dose of group D (6.93 +/- 3.03, 241.55 +/- 104.75, and 3.38 +/- 1.47, respectively) were all significantly lower than those of group A (10.30 +/- 4.37, 359.70 +/- 152.65, and 5.04 +/- 2.14, respectively). There was no significant difference in the imaging diagnosis accuracy rate between the four groups (p > 0.05). The results indicated that low-concentration contrast agents (270 mgl/mL) and low-tube-voltage (100 kVp) computed tomography can not only decrease radiation dose but also guarantee the image quality and meet the needs of imaging diagnosis in chest enhancement examinations, which make it possible for its generalization and application.